INT_EXACTNESS_GEN_LAGUERRE
Exactness of Generalized Gauss-Laguerre Quadrature Rules

INT_EXACTNESS_GEN_LAGUERRE is a C++ program which investigates the polynomial exactness of a generalized Gauss-Laguerre quadrature rule for the semi-infinite interval [0,+oo) or [A,+oo).

Standard generalized Gauss-Laguerre quadrature assumes that the integrand we are considering has a form like:

        Integral ( A <= x < +oo ) x^alpha * exp(-x) * f(x) dx

where the factor x^alpha * exp(-x) is regarded as a weight factor.

A standard generalized Gauss-Laguerre quadrature rule is a set of n positive weights w and abscissas x so that

        Integral ( A <= x < +oo ) x^alpha * exp(-x) * f(x) dx

may be approximated by

        Sum ( 1 <= I <= N ) w(i) * f(x(i))

It is often convenient to consider approximating integrals in which the weighting factor x^alpha * exp(-x) is implicit. In that case, we are looking at approximating

        Integral ( A <= x < +oo ) f(x) dx

and it is easy to modify a standard generalized Gauss-Laguerre quadrature rule to handle this case directly.

A modified generalized Gauss-Laguerre quadrature rule is a set of n positive weights w and abscissas x so that

        Integral ( A <= x < +oo ) f(x) dx

may be approximated by

        Sum ( 1 <= I <= N ) w(i) * f(x(i))

When using a generalized Gauss-Laguerre quadrature rule, it's important to know whether the rule has been developed for the standard or modified cases. Basically, the only change is that the weights of the modified rule have been divided by the weighting function evaluated at the corresponding abscissa.

For a standard generalized Gauss-Laguerre rule, polynomial exactness is defined in terms of the function f(x). That is, we say the rule is exact for polynomials up to degree DEGREE_MAX if, for any polynomial f(x) of that degree or less, the quadrature rule will produce the exact value of

        Integral ( 0 <= x < +oo ) x^alpha * exp(-x) * f(x) dx

For a modified generalized Gauss-Laguerre rule, polynomial exactness is defined in terms of the function f(x) divided by the implicit weighting function. That is, we say a modified generalized Gauss-Laguerre rule is exact for polynomials up to degree DEGREE_MAX if, for any integrand f(x) with the property that f(x)/(x^alpha*exp(-x)) is a polynomial of degree no more than DEGREE_MAX, the quadrature rule will product the exact value of:

        Integral ( 0 <= x < +oo ) f(x) dx

The program starts at DEGREE = 0, and then proceeds to DEGREE = 1, 2, and so on up to a maximum degree DEGREE_MAX specified by the user. At each value of DEGREE, the program generates the corresponding monomial term, applies the quadrature rule to it, and determines the quadrature error. The program uses a scaling factor on each monomial so that the exact integral should always be 1; therefore, each reported error can be compared on a fixed scale.

If the program understands that the rule being considered is a modified rule, then the monomials are multiplied by x^alpha * exp(-x) when performing the exactness test.

Since

        Integral ( 0 <= x < +oo ) x^alpha * exp(-x) * xⁿ dx = gamma(n+alpha+1)

our test monomial functions, in order to integrate to 1, will be normalized to:

        Integral ( 0 <= x < +oo ) x^alpha * exp(-x) xⁿ / gamma(n+alpha+1) dx

It should be clear that accuracy will be rapidly lost as n increases.

The program is very flexible and interactive. The quadrature rule is defined by three files, to be read at input, and the maximum degree top be checked is specified by the user as well.

Note that the three files that define the quadrature rule are assumed to have related names, of the form

prefix_x.txt
prefix_w.txt
prefix_r.txt

When running the program, the user only enters the common prefix part of the file names, which is enough information for the program to find all three files.

For information on the form of these files, see the QUADRATURE_RULES directory listed below.

The exactness results are written to an output file with the corresponding name:

prefix_exact.txt

Usage:

int_exactness_gen_laguerre prefix degree_max alpha option

where

prefix is the common prefix for the files containing the abscissa, weight and region information of the quadrature rule;
degree_max is the maximum monomial degree to check. This would normally be a relatively small nonnegative number, such as 5, 10 or 15.
alpha is the value of the parameter, which should be a real number greater than -1. Setting alpha to 0.0 results in the basic (non-generalized) Gauss-Laguerre rule.
option:
0 indicates a standard rule for integrating x^alpha*exp(-x)*f(x).
1 indicates a modified rule for integrating f(x).

If the arguments are not supplied on the command line, the program will prompt for them.

Licensing:

The computer code and data files described and made available on this web page are distributed under the GNU LGPL license.

Languages:

INT_EXACTNESS_GEN_LAGUERRE is available in a C++ version and a FORTRAN90 version and a MATLAB version.

Related Data and Programs:

GEN_LAGUERRE_RULE, a C++ program which can generate a generalized Gauss-Laguerre quadrature rule on request.

HERMITE_EXACTNESS, a C++ program which tests the polynomial exactness of Gauss-Hermite quadrature rules.

INT_EXACTNESS, a C++ program which tests the polynomial exactness of a quadrature rule for a finite interval.

INT_EXACTNESS_CHEBYSHEV1, a C++ program which tests the polynomial exactness of Gauss-Chebyshev type 1 quadrature rules.

INT_EXACTNESS_CHEBYSHEV2, a C++ program which tests the polynomial exactness of Gauss-Chebyshev type 2 quadrature rules.

INT_EXACTNESS_GEGENBAUER, a C++ program which tests the polynomial exactness of Gauss-Gegenbauer quadrature rules.

INT_EXACTNESS_GEN_HERMITE, a C++ program which tests the polynomial exactness of a generalized Gauss-Hermite quadrature rule.

INT_EXACTNESS_JACOBI, a C++ program which tests the polynomial exactness of a Gauss-Jacobi quadrature rule.

LAGUERRE_EXACTNESS, a C++ program which tests the polynomial exactness of Gauss-Laguerre quadrature rules for integration over [0,+oo) with density function exp(-x).

LEGENDRE_EXACTNESS, a C++ program which tests the monomial exactness of quadrature rules for the Legendre problem of integrating a function with density 1 over the interval [-1,+1].

Reference:

Philip Davis, Philip Rabinowitz,
Methods of Numerical Integration,
Second Edition,
Dover, 2007,
ISBN: 0486453391,
LC: QA299.3.D28.

Source Code:

int_exactness_gen_laguerre.cpp, the source code.

Examples and Tests:

GEN_LAG_O1_A0.5 is a standard generalized Gauss-Laguerre order 1 rule with ALPHA = 0.5.

gen_lag_o1_a0.5_x.txt, the abscissas of the rule.
gen_lag_o1_a0.5_w.txt, the weights of the rule.
gen_lag_o1_a0.5_r.txt, defines the region for the rule.
gen_lag_o1_a0.5_exact.txt, the results of the command
int_exactness_gen_laguerre gen_lag_o1_a0.5 5 0.5 0

GEN_LAG_O2_A0.5 is a standard generalized Gauss-Laguerre order 2 rule with ALPHA = 0.5.

gen_lag_o2_a0.5_x.txt, the abscissas of the rule.
gen_lag_o2_a0.5_w.txt, the weights of the rule.
gen_lag_o2_a0.5_r.txt, defines the region for the rule.
gen_lag_o2_a0.5_exact.txt, the results of the command
int_exactness_gen_laguerre gen_lag_o2_a0.5 5 0.5 0

GEN_LAG_O4_A0.5 is a standard generalized Gauss-Laguerre order 4 rule with ALPHA = 0.5.

gen_lag_o4_a0.5_x.txt, the abscissas of the rule.
gen_lag_o4_a0.5_w.txt, the weights of the rule.
gen_lag_o4_a0.5_r.txt, defines the region for the rule.
gen_lag_o4_a0.5_exact.txt, the results of the command
int_exactness_gen_laguerre gen_lag_o4_a0.5 10 0.5 0

GEN_LAG_O8_A0.5 is a standard generalized Gauss-Laguerre order 8 rule with ALPHA = 0.5.

gen_lag_o8_a0.5_x.txt, the abscissas of the rule.
gen_lag_o8_a0.5_w.txt, the weights of the rule.
gen_lag_o8_a0.5_r.txt, defines the region for the rule.
gen_lag_o8_a0.5_exact.txt, the results of the command
int_exactness_gen_laguerre gen_lag_o8_a0.5 18 0.5 0

GEN_LAG_O16_A0.5 is a standard generalized Gauss-Laguerre order 16 rule with ALPHA = 0.5.

gen_lag_o16_a0.5_x.txt, the abscissas of the rule.
gen_lag_o16_a0.5_w.txt, the weights of the rule.
gen_lag_o16_a0.5_r.txt, defines the region for the rule.
gen_lag_o16_a0.5_exact.txt, the results of the command
int_exactness_gen_laguerre gen_lag_o16_a0.5 35 0.5 0

GEN_LAG_O1_A0.5_MODIFIED is a modified generalized Gauss-Laguerre order 1 rule with ALPHA = 0.5.

gen_lag_o1_a0.5_modified_x.txt, the abscissas of the rule.
gen_lag_o1_a0.5_modified_w.txt, the weights of the rule.
gen_lag_o1_a0.5_modified_r.txt, defines the region for the rule.
gen_lag_o1_a0.5_modified_exact.txt, the results of the command
int_exactness_gen_laguerre gen_lag_o1_a0.5_modified 5 0.5 1

GEN_LAG_O2_A0.5_MODIFIED is a modified generalized Gauss-Laguerre order 2 rule with ALPHA = 0.5.

gen_lag_o2_a0.5_modified_x.txt, the abscissas of the rule.
gen_lag_o2_a0.5_modified_w.txt, the weights of the rule.
gen_lag_o2_a0.5_modified_r.txt, defines the region for the rule.
gen_lag_o2_a0.5_modified_exact.txt, the results of the command
int_exactness_gen_laguerre gen_lag_o2_a0.5_modified 5 0.5 1

GEN_LAG_O4_A0.5_MODIFIED is a modified generalized Gauss-Laguerre order 4 rule with ALPHA = 0.5.

gen_lag_o4_a0.5_modified_x.txt, the abscissas of the rule.
gen_lag_o4_a0.5_modified_w.txt, the weights of the rule.
gen_lag_o4_a0.5_modified_r.txt, defines the region for the rule.
gen_lag_o4_a0.5_modified_exact.txt, the results of the command
int_exactness_gen_laguerre gen_lag_o4_a0.5_modified 10 0.5 1

GEN_LAG_O8_A0.5_MODIFIED is a modified generalized Gauss-Laguerre order 8 rule with ALPHA = 0.5.

gen_lag_o8_a0.5_modified_x.txt, the abscissas of the rule.
gen_lag_o8_a0.5_modified_w.txt, the weights of the rule.
gen_lag_o8_a0.5_modified_r.txt, defines the region for the rule.
gen_lag_o8_a0.5_modified_exact.txt, the results of the command
int_exactness_gen_laguerre gen_lag_o8_a0.5_modified 18 0.5 1

GEN_LAG_O16_A0.5_MODIFIED is a modified generalized Gauss-Laguerre order 16 rule with ALPHA = 0.5.

gen_lag_o16_a0.5_modified_x.txt, the abscissas of the rule.
gen_lag_o16_a0.5_modified_w.txt, the weights of the rule.
gen_lag_o16_a0.5_modified_r.txt, defines the region for the rule.
gen_lag_o16_a0.5_modified_exact.txt, the results of the command
int_exactness_gen_laguerre gen_lag_o16_a0.5_modified 35 0.5 1

List of Routines:

MAIN is the main program for INT_EXACTNESS_GEN_LAGUERRE.
CH_CAP capitalizes a single character.
CH_EQI is true if two characters are equal, disregarding case.
CH_TO_DIGIT returns the integer value of a base 10 digit.
DTABLE_DATA_READ reads the data from a DTABLE file.
DTABLE_HEADER_READ reads the header from a DTABLE file.
FILE_COLUMN_COUNT counts the number of columns in the first line of a file.
FILE_ROW_COUNT counts the number of row records in a file.
MONOMIAL_QUADRATURE_GEN_LAGUERRE applies a quadrature rule to a monomial.
R8_ABS returns the absolute value of an R8.
R8_GAMMA evaluates Gamma(X) for a real argument.
S_LEN_TRIM returns the length of a string to the last nonblank.
S_TO_I4 reads an I4 from a string.
S_TO_R8 reads an R8 from a string.
S_TO_R8VEC reads an R8VEC from a string.
S_WORD_COUNT counts the number of "words" in a string.
TIMESTAMP prints the current YMDHMS date as a time stamp.
TIMESTRING returns the current YMDHMS date as a string.

You can go up one level to the C++ source codes.

Last revised on 11 February 2008.

INT_EXACTNESS_GEN_LAGUERRE Exactness of Generalized Gauss-Laguerre Quadrature Rules